A person who is Deaf (capital D) sees themselves as gaining from deafness rather than impaired by it. Which model? Medical Social Biopsychosocial Human Rights Functional Solutions Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Economic Charity
A perspective that recognizes the complex interplay of biology, psychology, and social/environmental factors. Which model? Medical Social Biopsychosocial Human Rights Functional Solutions Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Economic Charity
A model that focuses on a person's ability to work. Which model? Medical Social Biopsychosocial Human Rights Functional Solutions Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Economic Charity
A model that says it is society's responsibility to remove barriers. Which model? Medical Social Biopsychosocial Human Rights Functional Solutions Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Economic Charity
A model that may inspire donations but can be condescending, portraying people as objects of pity. Which model? Medical Social Biopsychosocial Human Rights Functional Solutions Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Economic Charity
Screen readers and voice dictation are functional solutions. True False
A strength of the medical model is that it… Provides cures or medical management of disabilities Removes the barriers society builds Treats disability as a source of identity and pride Grounds disability rights in international law
A person who struggles to learn addition likely has… Dyscalculia Dyslexia Aphasia ADHD
A person who struggles to make sense of written words likely has… Dyslexia Dyscalculia Aphasia ADHD
Someone easily distracted, inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive is likely diagnosed with… ADHD Autism Spectrum Disorder Dyslexia Dyscalculia
AAC devices are an especially helpful solution for people with… Visual disabilities Seizure disabilities Language and speech disabilities
A person with substantial hearing loss and 20/200 vision who uses touch as their primary means of communication likely has which disability? Deaf-blindness Low vision Auditory disability Autism Spectrum Disorder
A student with difficulty in communication and social interaction, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors has which cognitive disability? Autism Spectrum Disorder ADHD Intellectual disability Dyslexia
Accommodations are modifications to goods, services, or an environment so a person with a disability has equal access and can perform the same tasks as someone without one. True False
A website with no blinking, flashing, or flickering content most benefits people with which type of disability? Neurological disabilities Visual disabilities Auditory disabilities Mobility disabilities
Someone who can't do up buttons or zippers and struggles to manipulate objects has which type of disability? Fine motor control Gross motor skill Ambulation
Learning disabilities do not necessarily affect a person's intelligence. True False
A repetitive strain injury that makes using a mouse painful is eased by which solution? Large monitor Voice recognition software Screen reader
Which type of disability impairs a person's perceptions, thoughts, feelings, mood, and behavior? Psychological disability Neurological disability Cognitive disability Auditory disability
A person who uses a white cane most likely has which disability? Mobility Blindness Cognitive
Captions are used by many people but were originally developed for people with which type of disability? Auditory disabilities Visual disabilities Speech disabilities Cognitive disabilities
Narrow walkways, doorways, passages, and aisles are barriers especially for people with… Mobility, flexibility, and body structure disabilities Visual disabilities Auditory disabilities Psychological disabilities
Disability accentuates poverty because barriers lead to discrimination, social marginalization, and… Isolation Accessibility standards
About what percentage of the world population has a disability? 10% 16% 20% 14%
The incidence of disability is ___ for women than for men. Lower Higher About the same
Globally, about how many people have a disability? 1 billion 1.3 billion 1.6 billion
People with disabilities experience barriers in accessing information. True False
Which is a respectful way to describe someone with dyslexia? A person with a learning disability A learning-disabled person
What is the BEST reason to avoid touching or moving a person's wheelchair or assistive device without permission? Assistive devices are considered an extension of the person's body It could damage the device It might be unhygienic The person may want to move it themselves later
Don't ask a person with a disability personal or medical questions (e.g., whether they were born with it) unless they bring it up first. True False
You're talking with someone who has a speech disability and you didn't understand what they said. What's the BEST course of action? Repeat back as much as you understood and ask for clarification Pretend you understood and move on Ask their companion to interpret Finish their sentences for them
Should you shake a person's hand, if they are able? Yes No
You should talk to the disabled person, not to their assistant or service animal. True False
Usability focuses on making products easy to use, while accessibility focuses on making products usable by people with disabilities. True False
What are the four phases of user-centered design? (Watch for the decoy.) Select all that apply. Understand the users and their context Identify user and business requirements Design a solution Evaluate against context and requirements Conduct regression tests
Products, services, and environments should be designed for people with disabilities. True False
What is user experience (UX) concerned with? The entire journey a person has with a product Only the visual design Only ease of use Only accessibility compliance
How does consistent navigation on each page make a website more accessible? It improves efficiency for assistive technology users It reduces server load It improves color contrast It adds keyboard shortcuts
Which discipline focuses on creating a highly usable product that lets the user achieve their goals quickly, with minimum fuss and without error? Accessibility Usability
Accessibility benefits individuals by giving them the means to participate in which major life activities? Select all that apply. Education Employment Social activities Assistive technologies
Increased employment opportunities lead to which personal benefit of accessibility? Greater family income and wealth potential Improved brand reputation Increased market reach Reduced legal risk
A focus on accessibility can be a financial benefit to businesses by…? Improving its public image and reputation Reducing its market reach Removing its legal obligations Lowering customer satisfaction
The cost for individuals to live more dependently is usually greater than the cost of the technologies that would enable independence. True False
How many people make up the disability market? 1 billion 1.3 billion 6 billion 800 million
The POUR principles are the highest level of standards in the guidelines. True False
Web accessibility combines… Select all that apply. Web development standards File-creation standards Universal design practices Project management
To meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, a page must also meet all Level A success criteria. True False
Captions can be crawled because they're text, so captions also help improve…? Search engine optimization (SEO) Page load speed Color contrast Keyboard navigation
Why is enough color contrast a good design practice? It makes text easier to read It speeds up the site It directly improves SEO ranking It enables keyboard use
Which principle ensures a web page works with a keyboard? Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust
Which principle ensures images include alternative text? Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust
Which principle ensures a technology is compatible with current and future technologies? Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust
Which principle ensures a page has no flashing content? Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust
To support people with low hearing, pre-recorded videos should always include…? Captions Transcripts only Sign language only Audio description
The 7 Principles of Universal Design are an ICT design framework developed by the W3C. True False
Equitable Use ("useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities") — which guidelines support it? Select all that apply. Provide the same means of use for all Avoid segregating or stigmatizing users Make the design appealing to all users Provide adaptability to right- or left-handed use
A form that does not time out meets flexibility in use — which guideline does it most strongly support? Provide adaptability to the user's pace Provide the same means of use for all Use reasonable operating forces Accommodate literacy and language skills
To meet simple and intuitive use, a designer used icons plus text for important elements — which guideline does this best support? Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills Provide adaptability to the user's pace Provide the same means of use for all Minimize sustained physical effort
Which is an example of perceptible information? Adequate color contrast Adequate space for approach Adequate instructions
Tolerance for error — which examples meet it? Select all that apply. In-line error notification Ability to save and undo A review step before submission Ability to increase time limits
A levered door is an example of low physical effort — which guideline does it best support? Use reasonable operating forces Minimize repetitive actions Provide a clear line of sight Provide the same means of use for all
Choosing a presentation space for a speaker who uses a motorized wheelchair follows size and approach for use — which guideline applies? Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user Use reasonable operating forces Provide adaptability to the user's pace Accommodate literacy and language skills
UDL helps teachers design learning that meets the needs of all learners. True False
Which UDL principle answers "Why am I learning this?" Multiple means of engagement Multiple means of representation Multiple means of action and expression
Which UDL principle answers "What am I learning?" Multiple means of engagement Multiple means of representation Multiple means of action and expression
Which UDL principle answers "How can I demonstrate that I understand?" Multiple means of engagement Multiple means of representation Multiple means of action and expression
Multiple means of action and expression helps learners use their mind's executive functions to… Select all that apply. Set long-term goals Plan strategies to reach goals Monitor progress and adjust Stay motivated when learning new concepts
The UDHR is the first declaration that people have fundamental human rights that must be universally protected. True False
People with disabilities have been protected in human rights laws since the UDHR in 1948. True False
Which instrument helps ensure access to print materials for people with visual disabilities? CRPD Convention on the Rights of the Visually Disabled Paris Treaty Marrakesh Treaty
CRPD Article 9 is focused on…? Transportation Accessibility Education
Is it okay to create an accessible version of copyrighted material without contacting the copyright owner? Yes No
Which of the following addresses accessibility requirements for ICT products and services in the European Union? Equality Act 2010 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU EU Public Procurement Directives EN 301 549
Which law ensures the rights of people with disabilities in Canada? Accessible Canada Act of 2019 Ontarians with Disabilities Act of 2001 Americans with Disabilities Act 1990
The African Charter on Human and People's Rights states that people with disabilities have the right to special protections. True False
What are the main drivers of the legal shift from the welfare/social-security model toward anti-discrimination or equality law? Select all that apply. The shift from the medical to the social model of disability The Charter of Fundamental Rights The UK Equality Act of 2010 The 2006 UN CRPD
The European Electronic Communications Code of 2018 requires that telecommunications be accessible. True False
How is accommodation different from accessibility? Accommodation aims to ensure equal treatment on a case-by-case basis, while accessibility is focused on making something usable by default to people with disabilities Accommodation is optional based on an employer's needs, while accessibility is required Accommodation applies to learning, while accessibility applies to the workplace
ADA Title III applies to which type of spaces? Information Communication Technology (ICT) Places of public accommodation Government spaces
What is Section 508? Select all that apply. A technical standard An ICT procurement law A requirement for all websites
The European Accessibility Act applies to all public, private, and non-profit entities. True False
Which are two key aspects of the European Accessibility Act? Select all that apply. It covers the products and services most important to people with disabilities It includes minimum requirements for private businesses to make their products/services accessible It provides country-specific rules meant to encourage local adoption It is similar to Japan's JIS X 8341 for web and electronic media
A VPAT is a type of conformance report that details how well a product meets accessibility standards. True False
Both the EU Web Accessibility Directive and the European Accessibility Act require a comprehensive accessibility statement. True False
In which ways do management champions help launch and sustain an accessibility program? Select all that apply. Building a vision and aligning implementation strategies Sustaining ongoing commitment and collaboration Outsourcing accessibility responsibilities Supporting the programmatic integration of accessibility Leading the adoption of an accessibility maturity model
To succeed, ICT accessibility efforts must be well grounded in the organization's culture, process, and practices. True False
The BDF Accessibility Maturity Model has five levels — which is the highest (level 5)? Best practice Repeatable Managed
A website owner asks, "How are we going to handle accessibility on this project?" What are the best responses? Select all that apply. Use a born-accessible approach and design for accessibility from the start Use reusable design and code libraries that help developers code for accessibility Test after launch so we don't hold up the project timeline Perform formative and summative evaluations, and include people with disabilities in testing
What are two reasons automated testing can't be the only method of evaluating accessibility? Select all that apply. Automated testing tools are too expensive Automated testing can produce false or misleading results Manual testing is required for real-world usability Manual testing is too expensive
ICT accessibility must be approached strategically and operationally as an integral and ongoing activity. True False
Per the W3C, which are three ways to implement an organizational ICT accessibility program? Select all that apply. Build skills and expertise Integrate goals into policies Develop the business case Track and communicate
The W3C recommends evaluating early and throughout the design process because it's easier and less costly to address issues early. True False